Family Friday: For the Birds

Lucas Miller begins the new year with another fun and inexpensive activity that will get you and your kids out into nature. The Christian Science Monitor’s gardening section recently shared planting advice in Annuals and Perennials that Attract Birds to Your Yard so, if you have wee ones, know you can also explore the world of birding by bringing nature to you. Read more

Family Friday: Tagging Monarchs

Autumn is my favorite season. The weather finally begins to cool, which in Texas means the highs drop into the 90s, and monarch butterflies begin to reappear. They can use your help again this time of year, just as they could during their spring migration. Lucas Miller explains what you and your family can do to both enjoy and nurture nature by assisting in research efforts to track monarch butterflies. Enjoy!

Back in the spring, I wrote a bit about planting milkweeds to attract monarchs.  The females seek out milkweeds when it’s time to lay their eggs and, hopefully, you had fun watching the little caterpillars feasting, fattening, and metamorphosing while you sipped your morning coffee on the porch.

Monarchs are on the move again so give those milkweeds some TLC (or maybe just go out and buy some more) if yours, like mine, have been decimated by aphids, scale insects, potato beetles, and a series of others.  The toxins in milkweeds are supposed to offer protection but, in my garden, the milkweeds suffer far more infestations than any of our other plants. Read more

Missing Bees? More Reasons Why and How to Help

This spring and summer have been remarkable for several reasons – the Texas heat has been unrelenting, our drought has become significantly worse, and we have been missing bees. We are used to hearing their buzzing, especially in the front on our native plants, but this year we have seen only a handful.

I was thus excited to learn that a team of researchers led by Dr. May Berenbaum at the University of Illinois have untangled more of the mystery around colony collapse disorder. (I’m not an entomologist but knew of Dr. Berenbaum from her creation of the Insect Fear Film Festival and the character named after her on the X-Files.)

Beginning in 2006, colony collapse disorder and the resulting missing bees have been a concern to people all over the world. Bee keepers in North America and Europe lost 30-90 percent of their bee colonies and many of the bees were simply never found. Many workers were flying out of their hives and never returning, very un-beelike behavior. Many more were found dead within their hives, passing away seemingly overnight. The most chilling part was no one knew why.

As reported in Time, scientists now have some answers. According to Time:

A new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) shows that the causes of CCD may be more varied than scientists expect. The bees may be dying not from a single toxin or disease but rather from an assault directed by a collection of pathogens. A research team led by entomologist May Berenbaum at the University of Illinois compared the whole genome of honeybees that came from hives that had suffered from CCD with hives that were healthy. The sick bees exhibited genetic damage that could account for the die-off, and that damage indicated that they might be afflicted with multiple viruses simultaneously. This could weaken them enough to trigger CCD. “It’s like a perfect storm,” says Berenbaum.

The PNAS team’s work was possible only because the honeybee’s genome is one of the few animal genomes that scientists have decoded in full. The researchers looked at the genes that were switched on in the guts of sick and healthy bees — the gut being both the place pesticides are detoxified and the main region for immune defense. The technique they used is what’s known as a whole-genome microarray, and it’s ideal for this kind of sweeping analysis. “It’s a really powerful tool that lets us look at all 10,000 honeybee genes at the same time,” says Berenbaum. “The causative agents [for CCD] might just leap out.”

In the guts of CCD-afflicted bees, the microarray analysis showed unusual fragments of ribosomal RNA. Ribosomes are essentially the protein factories inside cells — they’re vital to the health of the cell itself and the larger organism. Berenbaum believes that the presence of those genetic fragments inside the CCD-afflicted bees indicates that they may be under attack by a number of insect viruses — including deformed wing virus and Israeli acute paralysis virus — that damage the ribosomes. “It was the one factor that remained consistently associated with the CCD bees we tested, no matter where they came from or how severe the disorder was,” says Berenbaum. “It doesn’t have to be a specific virus, just an overload.” Once the bees’ systems get burdened this way, they are less capable of fighting off any other threat, from pesticides to other environmental causes.

If you are a go-to-the source person, the study’s abstract is available here.

If you want to help the honeybees, here are some ways to do so:

(1) Stop using pesticides. Pesticides can’t discriminate between insects – they kill all of them. Save yourself some money, save your family and neighbors from exposure to toxic chemicals, and give the bees a fighting chance by ceasing to use pesticides.

(2) Plant pollinator plants. The Pollinator Partnership has created a helpful tool to find pollinator plants for your area. Check out their Ecoregional Planting Guides to find plants for your zip code. Our previous articles on creating a certified wildlife habitat and the fabulous book Bringing Nature Home have more ideas and resources for making your yard eco-friendly.

(3) Ask your friends and neighbors to join you. Today’s Seattle Times included a great story about Sarah Bergmann, a Seattle resident who, with help from neighbors, converted a parking strip in her neighborhood into a pollinator zone.

Once a desert of grass with a few maples, the 108-foot-long, 12-foot-wide strip today blooms with plants selected to attract pollinators. It’s buzzing with life that has spilled over to plantings all around the neighborhood. An orange trumpet vine festooning a fence out back is mobbed with bees too busy to bother anyone, some stacked two to a flower.

She hopes to eventually extend the pathway to a mile, in all. “It’s so basic,” Bergmann said. “I consider it local ecosystem support.”

And I bet, in this time of declining property values, that this planting has made the neighborhood much more attractive to potential buyers.

(4) Join ongoing research efforts. Scientific research is beginning to utilize the power of the people. If you live in Illinois, check out the Bee Spotter, a group of citizen-scientists who collect information on bees in their area. The Bee Spotters monitor local bee populations via photograph to preserve the bees. They hope to expand to other states in the near future. If you live outside of Illinois, you can still start right away through the Xerces Society’s Bumblebee Project. This research project is also using citizen sightings to track three species of bumble bees that used to be common. The bees tracked by the project are the rusty patched bumble bee (Bombus affinis), the western bumble bee (Bombus occidentalis), and the yellowbanded bumble bee (Bombus terricola). Identification guides are available on their website. This would be really fun to do as a family!

While the fragility of the web of life is becoming more clear, studies like this one are helping us see what we can do to help other species survive and thrive. To learn more about the impact that missing bees could have on humans, check out the video below.

Are you missing bees in your area? Have you changed the way you garden or plant recently? Or do you have other ideas for helping bees? Please share your thoughts in the comments!

Family Friday: Nothin’ Better Than Your Own Backyard (for Wildlife)

For August, Lucas Miller discusses a great program run by the National Wildlife Federation and shows how easy it was for his family to create a certified wildlife habitat in their own backyard. (If the reference in the article’s title is unfamiliar, check out Robert Earl Keen’s song I’m Coming Home.)

Whether you have a .35 acre lot in the suburbs, a sprawling ranch in the boonies or a mere balcony in the city, you can attract wildlife that will intrigue and excite your wee ones with a minimal investment of work and money.  The National Wildlife Federation’s Certified Wildlife Habitat program provides you with all the information you need to get started as well as the actual “certification.”  I don’t imagine your local bluebird’s likely to notice the certification sign that you can proudly display but, just perhaps, your human neighbors may ask you a few questions and convert their own piece of turf to a haven for native flora and fauna. Read more

Family Friday: Creating Compost

Setting up a compost area is one of our goals for this year so we were delighted to read this month’s article from Lucas Miller on composting. The tips we shared in Five Easy Steps to Reduce Food Waste (Without Going Insane) have significantly reduced the amount of food we throw away but we still toss the occasional moldy item in the trash. (I swear the back of our refrigerator is connected to a black hole.) We’ve now decided where to place our compost area; I hope this article spurs you on as well.

So you’re recycling your bottles, cans, and paper, right? I think that’s a given for our faithful readers. Hopefully, you’re not even taking the plastic bags in the first place but, if you are, you can recycle those, too.

How about composting? My wife and I have been composting off-and-on for over a decade now so I thought I’d provide some thoughts on our experiences. I’m no expert, though, so by all means feel free to contribute your own comments and tips! Read more

Family Sunday! Spring Wildflowers

Spring is in the air, which means wildflowers are starting to bloom! This month Lucas Miller shares information about the iconic bluebonnet as well as some suggestions for viewing wildflowers with your family. The photo to the left is of Lucas and his family enjoying a beautiful spring day in Texas.

I was raised in Kentucky and moved to Austin, Texas, in my early twenties. I had heard a bit about the bluebonnets, the state flower, and how devotedly Texans loved them. But I really wasn’t prepared for the spectacle when I experienced my first Texas springtime. We had flowers back in Kentucky but the gaudy mixture of colors, shapes, and sizes blanketing the hills of central Texas left me astounded. I’m not Mr. Macho or anything but I never expected to be so taken with wildflowers. Read more

Of Milkweeds and Monarchs

Thanks to Lucas Miller’s previous post about milkweeds, we’ve had two young children very excited about spring in our house. My kids were fascinated with the idea of providing sustenance for monarch butterflies and sanctuary for their babies so, ever since we read the article, they have been asking when it would be warm enough to add milkweeds to our yard. We decided spring break would be the perfect time to do so and the countdown began.

Then, days before spring break began, the flu hit. Both girls got sick but with different strains, which allowed us to experience the full glory not once, but twice as germs were swapped. I am now ever more thankful that we own a washing machine.

By the tail end of spring break, everyone was finally feeling better. After a day of waiting to ensure no relapses would occur, we headed to the nursery. With their bright orange and yellow flowers and pointed leaves, the milkweeds were easy to identify among all the other plants. We had looked at some pictures online first, mostly because I wanted to spare the other gardeners a long search by two tired girls and their exhausted mom. Looking at the pictures definitely helped – the girls spotted the plants first. Read more

Family Friday: You Can Raise Monarch Butterflies

This month Lucas Miller shares how you can raise monarch butterflies in your own yard easily and inexpensively. Since milkweeds are the host plant for monarchs caterpillars, you’ll be helping to preserve these beautiful creatures for future generations as well as creating a fun family activity. As you can see from the picture, milkweed flowers are beautiful. They also have a lovely sweet smell (hard to tell that from the picture!). Be sure to check out his song about the monarch – it is one of our girls’ favorites!

Beginning about the middle of March, millions upon millions of monarch butterflies make their ways back to the USA as they return from the forested mountainsides in south central Mexico where they spend their winters. Monarch scientists and enthusiasts had feared lower numbers this year but, I’m pleased to report, the estimates are actually up slightly over 2007-08. Read more

Book Review for ‘Bringing Nature Home’

This summer was hard on our yard. Several of our plants bit the dust and a few more are looking shaky. As a result, we’ve been thinking about replacements. We tend to plant native plants, but our reason for doing so has simply been that we aren’t willing to pay to water our yard. :) Then I read Bringing Nature Home: How Native Plants Sustain Wildlife in Our Gardens by Dr. Douglas W. Tallamy and became committed to planting native plants on an entirely different level. Read more

Aspartame as Ant Poison

Those of you who have lived in areas with fire ants will understand my animosity towards these insects. I’m thrilled to find spiders, wasps, bees, and other bugs in our yard but fire ants are not welcome. Fire ants are aptly named – the bites burn and sting for a week or more – and they are very aggressive. This year our yard was home to more than usual, which meant we ended up with more bites than usual. With two small children and a dog, we couldn’t just let them stay. Read more